From its humble beginnings as a Saxon settlement to its current status as a popular tourist destination, Christchurch has witnessed significant events and transformations that have shaped its unique character.
This blog post will take you on a captivating tour through the annals of Christchurch’s past, revealing the stories and landmarks that make this town a must-visit for history enthusiasts and curious travellers alike.
Whether you’re planning a short break or an extended stay, our holiday cottages in Christchurch offer the perfect base for your historical exploration.
Early Origins: From Twynham to Christchurch
The story of Christchurch begins in the 7th century when Saxon settlers established a community at the confluence of the Rivers Avon and Stour. This strategic location, with its natural harbour and access to inland waterways, quickly became an important trading port.
Originally known as Twynham, meaning ‘between two rivers’ in Old English, the settlement grew steadily over the centuries. The town’s name changed to Christchurch in 1094 when a priory was established, dedicating the community to Christ.
Key Facts About Early Christchurch:
- Original Name: Twynham
- Meaning: ‘Between two rivers’
- Rivers: Avon and Stour
- Name Change: 1094
- Reason for Name Change: Establishment of the priory
Medieval Christchurch: Priories, Castles, and Commerce
The medieval period saw significant developments in Christchurch, with the construction of two iconic structures that still stand today: Christchurch Priory and Christchurch Castle.
Christchurch Priory
Built in 1094 by Ranulf Flambard, a chief minister of King William II, Christchurch Priory became the heart of the town. The priory church, which survives to this day, is renowned for its architectural beauty and historical significance.
Notable Features of Christchurch Priory:
- Miraculous Beam: A legendary beam in the roof that miraculously grew overnight to fit its intended space
- Tomb of the Countess of Salisbury: An ornate chantry chapel
- Norman Architecture: Exemplified in the nave and transepts
- Perpendicular Style: Evident in the Lady Chapel from the 14th century
- Great Choir: Rebuilt in the 16th century
Christchurch Castle
Constructed in the 12th century, Christchurch Castle played a crucial role in the town’s defences. Although now in ruins, the castle’s keep and the nearby Constable’s House offer visitors a glimpse into medieval life and architecture.
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Keep | A stone tower built on a motte (raised earthwork) |
| Constable’s House | A rare example of a Norman domestic building |
| Bailey | The enclosed courtyard area of the castle |
Tudor and Stuart Era: Dissolution and Conflict
The Tudor period brought significant changes to Christchurch, most notably with the Dissolution of the Monasteries under Henry VIII. While many monastic buildings were destroyed, the priory church was saved and became the parish church.
During the English Civil War (1642-1651), Christchurch saw action as Royalist and Parliamentary forces vied for control. The castle was besieged and eventually slighted (partially destroyed) on the orders of Oliver Cromwell to prevent its future use as a stronghold.
18th and 19th Centuries: Smuggling, Industry, and Expansion
The 18th and 19th centuries were a time of growth and change for Christchurch, marked by both illicit activities and industrial innovations.
The Smuggling Trade
Christchurch’s coastal location made it a hotbed for smuggling activities. The most famous incident, known as the Battle of Mudeford, occurred in 1784 when smugglers clashed with customs officers, resulting in the death of a naval officer.
Fusee Chain Industry
In the late 18th century, Christchurch became a centre for the production of fusee chains, used in the mechanisms of watches and clocks. This intricate work employed many local people, including children from the workhouse.
Iron Ore Mining at Hengistbury Head
Between 1848 and 1870, extensive iron ore mining took place at nearby Hengistbury Head. While profitable, this activity caused significant erosion and altered the coastline.
Arrival of the Railway
The railway reached Christchurch in 1862, connecting the town to the wider world and boosting its economy and tourism industry.
20th Century to Present Day: Wars, Changes, and Tourism
The 20th century brought further changes to Christchurch, including:
- World War II: The town was fortified against potential invasion, with pillboxes and anti-tank defences, some of which can still be seen today.
- Administrative Changes: In 1974, Christchurch was transferred from Hampshire to Dorset as part of local government reorganisation.
- Tourism Growth: The town has increasingly focused on tourism, capitalising on its rich history, beautiful beaches, and natural attractions.
Conclusion: A Living History
Christchurch’s history is not confined to museums and ancient ruins; it’s a living, breathing part of the town’s identity. From the Saxon settlers who first made their home between two rivers to the modern-day visitors who flock to its shores, Christchurch has continually evolved while maintaining a strong connection to its past.
For those looking to immerse themselves in this historical tapestry, Christchurch offers a wealth of experiences. Whether you’re exploring the ancient stones of the priory, imagining life in a medieval castle, or simply strolling along streets that have witnessed centuries of human activity, you’ll find yourself transported through time.
To truly appreciate the depth of Christchurch’s history, consider staying in one of our comfortable and conveniently located holiday cottages.
With a range of properties available, from cosy retreats for couples to spacious homes for families or groups, Short Stay Homes provides the perfect base for your historical adventure. Book your stay today and step into the fascinating story of Christchurch.
